Determinants of the decision to accept a kidney from a donor at increased risk for blood-borne viral infection.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The use of kidneys from donors at increased risk for viral infections (DIRVI) such as HIV could increase the number of transplants and decrease waiting times. This study aimed to identify the proportion of kidney transplant candidates that would accept a kidney from a DIRVI and the factors that influenced this decision. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Conjoint analysis was used to assess the conditions in which renal transplant candidates would accept a DIRVI kidney. Candidates completed 12 scenarios in which the waiting time for a kidney, the donor age as a surrogate for kidney quality, and the risk of contracting HIV were systematically varied. RESULTS Among 175 respondents, 42 (24.0%) rejected DIRVI kidneys under all conditions, 103 (58.9%) accepted DIRVI kidneys under some conditions, and 31 (17.7%) always accepted DIRVI kidneys. In multivariable logistic regression, patients were more likely to accept a DIRVI kidney when waiting time was longer, the donor was younger, and HIV risk was lower (P < 0.01 for each variable). Patients on dialysis (P < 0.01) and older patients (P = 0.04) more commonly accepted DIRVI kidneys, but self-rated sense of health was not associated with DIRVI kidney acceptance. CONCLUSIONS Most renal transplant candidates would accept a DIRVI kidney under some circumstances. These findings suggest that recipients can be allowed to make prospective choices regarding DIRVI kidney acceptance without hindering placement of these organs.